The New Silk Road Becomes The World Land-Bridge EIR Special Report (2024)

BRICS 2 0 Bigger but Better Institute for Security and Development Policy, 2023

2023-09-15 by Gustavo A. Cardozo BRICS 2.0: Bigger, but Better? In a world characterized by the increasing polarization between two giants, China and the U.S., as well as an apparently endless conflict in Eastern Europe, the BRICS, originally composed of Brazil, China, Russia, India, and South Africa, recently embarked on a bold expansion leading to the inclusion of six new members. This transformation of the bloc, the result of a complex negotiation that unfolded over three intense days of summitry in Johannesburg, South Africa, raises fundamental questions about its future and impact in a constantly evolving world.

International Organisations Research Journal

At the first BRIC(S) summit in 2009, leaders of the major emerging market countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) from different continents committed to build a democratic and transparent economic architecture, support the efforts of the Group of 20 (G20) to reform the international financial institutions, restore growth, and deepen intra-group cooperation. Since then, views expressed in the literature on BRICS (expanded to include South Africa in 2010) have ranged from the harsh dismissal of BRICS as a meaningless investment banker’s acronym to its identification as a new power centre with a profound impact on the global economic order. The authors offer an updated, systematic assessment of BRICS’ evolving institutional dynamics, performance, and contribution to cooperation among its members, and to global governance as a whole. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, they identify the major achievements of each of the BRICS’ 13 annual summits through the three five-year h...

Otoritas: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 2019

For the first time in the history of mankind several powers emerge simultaneously in different latitudes and can interact intensively. The Contemporary Global Order has presented significant changes among which highlight the absolute and relative decline of American power, and the emergence of new actors who have greater agency power in their international relations. One of these actors is the so-called BRICS that brings together Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. For this reason the aim of this investigation is to analyzing the effective and potential power of the BRICS in the Contemporary Global Order. The methodology is it is situated inside the analytical eclecticism which is characterized by explaining a certain phenomenon without using a block of explanations sustained in a single tradition, but it takes and re-means the elements that it considers most pertinent for the case study. The article states that the BRICS do not claim or have the capacity to become hegemons. The objectives and capabilities of the BRICS have been especially notable in terms of international political economy, especially in the financial architecture, where China has its greatest power. The BRICS can promote an alternative to the existing game rules in the international system and promote a more plural world. They have the capacity to reform and build international economic institutions that allow a fairer distribution of material resources. They can curb unilateral global power interventions in regional affairs, framing interventions for humanitarian causes within multilateralism and the Responsibility to Protect. In terms of democracy and human rights, they will not make any contribution since their main actors, such as China and Russia, are examples of disrespect for these values.

Paper presented and discussed in Beijing, May 2012, at the meeting of the Academy of Latinity and Tsinghua University

Impact Journal , 2019

In an era of regional integration and interdependence, organizations like Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) can play a meaningful role in international level as well as regional in years to come. The recent summit of the BRICS reiterates that more cooperation is needed at various levels. It calls for a more representative international financial architecture demanding an increase in the voice and representation of developing countries and the establishment improved international monetary as well as trade systems that can serve the interests of all countries and support developing economies. This paper analyzing the tendency of BRICS is evolving nature in the global political economy both political as well as economic aspects. This evolving nature will lead to global interdependence with regards to maintain global peace and security.

Conjuntura Austral Journal of the Global South, 2020

The article is divided into three parts regarding the main historical movements in BRICS international relations between 2009-2019. The first discusses the narratives of the BRICS, a history of two tales, Brazil’s motivations on BRICS and the pluridentity of BRICS as a Global South representative in power politics. The second part presents an understanding of innovations related to the recent history of the BRICS in the global order, evaluating advances and challenges of the block as a hub of international power. The third part debates sensitivities within BRICS international relations providing diagnostic evidence of the institutional ambivalence created in the last decade and the emerging concept of ‘cooperation under sensitivity’.

Ambiente: Gestão e Desenvolvimento, 2019

Este artigo examina as razões da criação e dinâmica de interação entre os países membros do BRICS, e concentra-se na avaliação das atividades e perspectivas da organização pelos principais cientistas, economistas e cientistas políticos da Rússia. O artigo também explica a posição oficial da Rússia sobre as perspectivas de desenvolvimento do BRICS, mostrada através de documentos oficiais - o conceito de participação da Federação Russa na associação do BRICS - e as declarações do presidente Vladimir Putin nos últimos três anos, antecipando as cúpulas, durante as cúpulas e comentando seus resultados.

BRICS Monitor - Policy Brief Vol.4 No.11, 1-12, 2014

Since its inception as the Shanghai Five group in 1996, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SGO) performed a number of tasks for its members – China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan (and also India, Iran and Pakistan as observers). Originally a regional forum to discuss the demilitarization of borders, it has broadened (in tandem with the increasing relevance of some of its members, the BRICS) to promote cooperation in several issue areas – non-military issues, such as energy, finance, and commerce, consolidate its relevance for regional and global patterns of power. Defense and security remain, though, top agenda items. From Islamic extremism in Central Asia to fears of ethnic separatism in western China and crisis in Ukraine, SCO become more than a talking shop for regional security issues. This monitor provides insights on the role of the three BRICS members in SCO – China, India and Russia. The pace of SCO’s institucionalization indicates a regional organization with teeth, able to debate and to make crucial decisions on regional issues – in an acknowledged attempt to avoid Western interference

Indian Economy - Development Prospects and Perspectives -p. 371 - 378 ISBN: 978-93-81212-77-6, 2014

The emergence of BRICS represents a vital amendment within the international political and economic framework. Reactions to the establishment of this new ‘club’ vary from cautious optimism to outright skepticism. There's anticipation that the BRICS – building on their own lessons and initiatives – can play a progressive role on economic and social problems at regional and international levels. The essential view, on the opposite hand, includes doubts regarding the character and coherence of the cluster. There's additionally a concern that the economic agenda of BRICS might create new challenges to human rights and development, significantly given the absence domestic frameworks for answerability on international engagements. Despite theseconsiderations, the talk on financial conditions and difference is integral to any engagement with the BRICS, given its specialization in growth and infrastructure. BRICS-led aid and investment activities are expected to be pertaining to problems like the exploitation of natural resources, land grabs, agriculture and food security across regions. There's a growing awareness that civil society in BRICS countries shouldbuild a broader agenda of rights and answerability round the international roles of their government and personal sector. This paper seeks to bring these issues to light and address specific issues. It discusses effect of BRICS on Low Income Countries and its impact on the global level. It also brings to light the ascent of BRICS countries from developing nations to emerging economic powers and evaluates its feasibility. Trends in Foreign Direct Investments have also been discussed. Further it also sheds light as to whether these nations will emerge as a guiding force in the 21st Century. Finally this paper also gives out a set of recommendations for solving several issues at both individual and the group level.

Since the BRICS Declaration in Cape Town in 2013, its five member countries have committed to cooperation programs in science, technology and innovation (STI), based on the five strategic thematic areas assigned to each signatory: climate change and mitigation of catastrophes (Brazil); water resources and pollution treatment (Russia); geospatial technology and its applications (India); new and renewable energy, and energy efficiency (China); and astronomy (South Africa). Five years after the Declaration and almost a decade after the First BRICS Summit, the evaluation of the strengthening of international cooperation among countries remains a challenge, due to their low presence in the large index databases commonly used for the collection of scientific data, such as Web of Science and Scopus. The proposal of this research is to carry out a study on international cooperation among the countries in the last five years through the Dimensions platform, based on the incidence of internat...

n December 2011, Funag organized three debates that brought together diplomats, academics, journalists and entrepreneurs from several Brazilian states. The theme of the debates was the BRICS, a subject well-suited for this type of interaction between diplomatic negotiators and opinion-makers. This book contains the articles written by the participants of the first seminar, conducted in collaboration with FAAP, and the texts submitted by six of the participants of the third debate, which took place at FIESP.

The rapid economic and political rise of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) as an informal cooperative group as well as their individual emergence on the international stage as influential actors have shifted the power dynamics of the international world order. Most importantly, the emergence of BRICS after the financial crisis has changed the structural dynamics of the West-dominated financial system by providing an alternative bypassing the normative structure. Of which, what provided the institutional framework to the BRICS is the New Development Bank and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement-key milestones of cooperation among emerging economies and developing countries. Thereby, this makes it imperative to understand the role of BRICS as an important platform in the international order and how it is shaping the international order.

Final Term essay for "International Organizations, NGOs and Social Movements", Master in International Studies. Joint paper written by my colleague Will Shook and me on the BRICS grouping, in two parts. First, its present (inception, role, potential, commonalities and differences) and second, its future (a speculative scenario).

Revista Tempo do Mundo, 2020